Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch. N.F. 8 (2020) – Abstracts
Orientalische Wörter im Burgenlandkroatischen
Gerhard NEWEKLOWSKY (Klagenfurt)
Oriental words in Burgenland Croatian. – The Burgenland Croats are descendants of refugees and migrants who left their home country in the sixteenth century, when the Ottoman Turks intruded into their lands. Their descendants live in Austrian Burgenland, Western Hungary, and near Bratislava in Slovakia. As can be expected, there are only few words that have been taken over from the Ottomans, since language contact did not last for a long period of time. According to the dialects, Burgenland Croatian can be divided into various groups in which the number of oriental words differs. We fi nd the largest number of Orientalisms in the Štokavian Vlahi dialect in Southern Burgenland, which was probably spoken near the mouth of the river Una into the Sava. They must have lived closer to the Ottomans, i. e. further East than the other Burgenland Croats. Some words that are found in all Burgenland Croatian are of Older Turkish origin, and a relatively large number of words has been conveyed by Hungarian or Slovak. The article aims at contributing to Burgenland Croatian lexicography, to the chronology of loan words, and to their geographical distribution. In the article more than fifty lexical items and their derivatives are discussed.
Key words: Burgenland Croatian, sixteenth-century Čakavian and Štokavian, Ottoman conquest, migrations, language contact, origin of Oriental words
Urban Jarniks „Dopis iz Koruške“ (1837)
und dessen deutsche Vorlage
Helmut KEIPERT (Bonn)
Urban Jarnik's Dopis iz Koruške (1837) and its German original. - U. Jarnik's Dopis iz Koruške (printed in Danica Ilirska 1837) has traditionally been seen as a belated and unsuccessful proposal for the construction of a common South Slavic literary language. However, the rediscovered German original shows that the text must have been planned as a polite, if highly critical Slovene and partly Kajkavian response to V. Babukić‘s Osnova slovnice slavjanske ilirskoga narěčja (1836) with its striking New-Štokavian (Serbian) innovations. Removing or changing words, sentences or even whole passages, the anonymous translator and/or the editor severely censored Jarnik's objections in favour of Babukić‘s positions. The article discusses the numerous interventions in the translation; the German fair copy of the text (National and University Library, Zagreb) is published as an appendix.
Key words: Urban Jarnik, “Dopis iz Koruške”, Ljudevit Gaj, Vjekoslav Babukić, Illyrian movement, “Danica Ilirska”, censorship by editors
Западно-церковнославянское чьсть ‘церковное торжество’ в истории древней славянской христианской терминологии
Роман КРИВКО (Вена)
West Church Slavonic čbstb ‘solemnity’ in the history of early Slavonic Christian terminology. - The Roman church used national languages deliberately in its missionary and educational activities. Thanks to the language politics of Aquileian and Bavarian dioceses in Slavic lands, Germanic, Romance and Slavic language contacts in middle and south-western Europe resulted in the emergence of the earliest Slavonic Christian terminology of Latin, Old High German and Romance provenance. When Old Church Slavonic writings originated in Pannonian and Moravian lands after 863, western vocabulary was transferred into newly composed OCS texts. The Western Church Slavonic lexeme čbstb ‘solemnity’ reflects a Medieval Latin and Old High German semantic shift, cf. lat. honor → solemnitas, and OHG ērhaftida (lit. 'honesty') as a gloss for lat. solemnitas. The history of the term čbstb 'solemnity' indicates that Slavic priests of Roman rite, who practiced Latin and graduated from Carolingian schools, translated OCS texts of Roman rite along with Methodius and his companions who translated OCS Bible from Greek.
Key words: History and prehistory of Church Slavonic, western loanwords and calques in Old Church Slavonic, Christian terminologiy in Slavonic languages
Gebrauchshäufigkeit und Reversibilität
von Binomialen (Paarformeln) im Slowenischen
Emmerich KELIH (Wien)
The paper ‘Usage frequency and reversibility of Slovene binomials’ focuses on Slovene binomials. It begins with a general discussion of definitions and terminology. In the second part the results of my own empirical studies of Slovene binomials are given. Special attention is paid to the occurrence (frequency) of binomials in contemporary Slovene reference corpora (FidaPLUS) and in particular to the different degrees of the variability of the components. Based on frequency and by means of appropriate statistical methods three different subgroups of binomials are proposed (irreversible, highly and rarely reversible binomials). Reversibility is without a doubt an important feature of binomials. However, as is shown in empirical analysis, it occurs less frequently than expected.
Key words: Slovene, corpus, binomial, frequency, reversibility, irreversibility, binomial distribution, asymptotic test
Verbal nouns requiring reflexive clitics in West-Slavic languages
Martin JANEČKA (Prag)
Using data from the Czech, Slovak and Polish language corpora, this paper tries to explain how the reflexive forms of verbs behave during nominalization. It concerns particularly the verbs učit (se), učit' (sa), uczyć (się) ‘to teach sb sth (to learn sth)‘ and its deverbative forms teaching (učení, učenie, uczenie) vs. learning (učení se, učenie sa, uczenie się). In some contexts the form teaching expresses the meaning of the form learning. I put forward arguments why it is necessary to consider the reflexive clitics SE, SA and SIĘ the first object of a given verb, resp. the necessary complement of a noun in the function of an incongruent attribute. I also point out different phenomena that are responsible for this kind of elimination of reflexive SE after the verbal noun using the example of the verb to teach sb sth (to learn sth) in its Czech, Slovak and Polish equivalents.
Key words: Nominalization, reflexive clitics, adnominal genitive, language corpora, direct object, Czech, Slovak, Polish
„von Heiligen und Bösewichtern“. Zu Alexander Eliasbergs Übersetzungen für den Insel-Verlag
Carmen SIPPL (Wien)
“‘Of Saints and Villains’ – Notes on Alexander Eliasberg's Translations for the Insel Publishing House” examines the correspondence between the translator Alexander Eliasberg, the writer Stefan Zweig and the publishing house Insel-Verlag with regard to translations from Russian and Yiddish into German that appeared in the series “Insel-Bücherei”, “Bibliotheca mundi”, and “Pandora” between 1913 and 1924. A close reading of the letters (from archives in Prague and Weimar) aims to explore the process of cultural mediation as an interaction between translator (Eliasberg), editor (Zweig) and publisher (Kippenberg) in its material, mental, and cultural dimensions.
Key words: Alexander Eliasberg, Stefan Zweig, Anton Kippenberg, Insel-Verlag, cultural mediation, translation studies
Antonin Josef Trčka alias ANTIOS
als ein Vermittler Otokar Březinas in Österreich
Anne HULTSCH (Wien)
Antonin Josef Trčka alias ANTIOS as mediator of Otokar Březina in Austria. – The main part of the article is dedicated to Viennese visual artist of Moravian origin, photographer, poet, translator from Czech, mediator of Otokar Březina, and anthroposophist Antonin Josef Trčka (ANTIOS) and his relationship with Březina as well as people from his immediate vicinity. At the beginning, the question of authorship of the published German translation of Březina's essay Mirroring in the Depth is clarified. The remaining parts deal with Trčka's personal relations with Czech authors, with his translations of poems and essays by Březina, as well as with his adaptations of Czech and Slovak folk songs.
Key words: Antoní/in Josef Trčka / ANTIOS, Otokar Březina, Jakub Deml, Anna Pammrová, Josef Svatopluk Machar, Otto Pick, Johannes Urzidil, anthroposophy, essay Zrcadlení v hloubce [Mirroring in the depth], translations into German
Osip Mandel’štams Gedicht ‚Чернозем‘ als Prozess der dichterischen Selbstfindung
Stefan GRIESSL (Heidelberg)
Osip Mandelstam's poem ‘Чернозем’ as a process of poetic self-reassurance. - The poem ‘Chernozem’ marks the beginning of a new period of poetic creativity in Mandelstam's Voronezh exile. Drawing on the notion of an ‘impulse’ that impacted Mandelstam's poetic activity in his late work, this paper discusses the difference between ‘Chernozem’ and his seemingly similar architectural poems of the Acmeistic period as well as its relation to Mandelstam's essay ‘Slovo i kultura’. It interprets the poem as a process through which the poet finds new confidence in his poetic vocation.
Key words: Osip Mandelstam, ‘Voronezh Notebooks‘, Acmeism, poetry in Soviet Russia, Russian poetry under Stalin, poetry in 1930s Russia, exile
Gončarov als Zensor
Ludger UDOLPH (Dresden)
The article briefly discusses the institutions of censorship in Russia at the end of the 18th and 19th centuries and focuses on Ivan A. Goncharov as a censor. The literary and ideological criteria of Goncharov's decisions in his official duties are illustrated through several cases he had to resolve. The literary qualities of the works discussed by him were secondary to the political demands of his time, and it is instructive to see how Goncharov acted in such politically fraught questions as the promotion of the Russification in the Polish territories.
Key words: Censorship in nineteenth-century Russia; Ivan A. Goncharov; Egor Rozen; examples of selected reports about books/journals; arguments for/against freedom of the press
Сталин и Мандельштам: вокруг Спецсообщения зампреда ОГПУ Агранова
Глеб МОРЕВ (Москва)
Stalin and Mandelshtam: Concerning the Special Report of the Vice Chairman of the OGPU Agranov. - Yakov Agranov's report to Stalin about Osip Mandelshtam's first arrest (1934) was published for the first time in 2017. An analysis of this document allows us to make substantial correctives to the traditional account of Mandelshtam's arrest and trial. The aim of the present article is to propose a new approach to a number of mythologized episodes in Russian cultural history, such as Stalin's phone call to Pasternak, and to reconstruct the strategies behind Soviet state policy in the cultural field.
Key words: Osip Mandelshtam, Boris Pasternak, Iosif Stalin, Soviet literary life 1933-1935, Soviet literary politics, history of Russian literature of 1930s
Provocateur, Pirate, Book Artist: An Introduction to Alec Flegon
Alexander L. JACOBSON (Princeton NJ)
This article provides a short overview of the life and work of Alec Flegon (1924-2003), a Russian publisher based in London during the Cold War. Working for the first time with the publisher's archive, the article reconstructs the broad contours of Flegon's life, including his first Western editions of Odin den' Ivana Denisovicha, Sobach'e serdtse, and Kotlovan; his frequent disregard for authorial rights; and his series of lawsuits against Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. In addition, the article calls attention to Flegon‘s output of bibliographic oddities and false imprints, such as a copy of Arkhipelag Gulag published under the Soviet imprint of Izdatel‘stvo politicheskoi literatury. Based on this and other such works, the piece argues that Flegon was an insightful book artist, creating critiques of Soviet publishing practice only possible within the medium of the book.
Key words: Alec Flegon, Flegon Press, Tamizdat, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, YMCA Press, Copyright law, Pirate editions, False imprints, Book art
Пушкинская выставка 1932 года в Праге, I: Проект Николая Зарецкого и его реализация в контексте чехословацко-русского взаимодействия
Федор ПОЛЯКОВ (Вена)
The article “The Pushkin Exhibition in Prague in 1932. 1. Nikolai Zaretsky's project and its realization within the Czechoslovak-Russian cultural framework” adds to the history of the Prague Exhibition of 1932 where Nikolai Zaretsky's personal collection of artefacts pertinent to the culture of the Age of Pushkin was presented along with the selections from two Czechoslovak libraries. The author reconstructs in detail an unknown facet of the Pushkin Exhibition, the cooperation of Countess Sofiia Panina and Russian émigré circles with the Prague academic organizations, which made this exhibition a significant event in the context of the Czechoslovak-Russian cultural framework. The research for the article was based primarily on the archival holdings of the Slavonic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences.
Key words: Russian émigré culture in the interwar Czechoslovakia, Prague Slavonic Institute, Countess Sofiia Panina, Nikolai Zaretsky, Aleksandr Pushkin's heritage, Czechoslovak-Russian cultural framework
Из Именного указателя к «Записным книжкам» Ахматовой
Роман ТИМЕНЧИК (Иерусалим)
“Towards the Index of Anna Akhmatova's Notebooks”. - This part of series of historical and literary commentary to the poet's notebooks examines several of her literary and worldly relationships, in particular with the descendant of Pushkin Georgii Vorontsov-Veliaminov, with the widow of the great Polish poet Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński, with the malignant conformist Soviet critic Tamara Trifonova, with an outstanding philologist Boris Unbegaun and with the great Russian musician Maria Iudina.
Key words: Anna Akhmatova, Vorontsov-Veliaminovs, Natalia Galczynska, Tamara Trifonova, Boris Unbegaun, Maria Iudina